Chemistry Information

WHAT IS BIODIESEL

Biodiesel is chemically renewable, long chain fatty acid alkyl esters obtained by converting organic oils with base and alcohol and converting them into diesel fuel. In other words, it is a kind of oxygen based fuel based on ester obtained from biological sources.

Oilseed crops (such as canola, sunflower, soybean, safflower), animal oils such as waste oils, frozen oil and fish oil can also be used to make biodiesel fuel.

BIODIESEL REACTION

   It is obtained from biodiesel vegetable oils by transesterification reaction. This method is the most effective method of reducing viscosity. In the transesterification reaction, the oil is esterified by the presence of a monohydric alcohol (ethanol, methanol), catalyst (acidic, basic catalysts and enzymes), giving fatty acid esters and glycerin as the main product. In addition, di- and monoglycerides, excess reactants and free fatty acids are formed as by-products in the esterification reaction.

WITH OIL DERIVATIVE DIESEL FUEL IN FUEL FEATURES

COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL

Biodiesel can be used directly in diesel vehicles or mixed with diesel fuel. The mixture resulting from mixing biodiesel with diesel fuel, depending on the mixing ratio;

B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel)

B50 (50% biodiesel, 50% diesel)

It is called B100 (100% biodiesel).

SUPERIORITIES OF BIODIESEL ACCORDING TO DIESEL FUEL

 The flash point of biodiesel is higher than diesel (> 120 ° C). This feature makes the biodiesel a safer fuel for use, transportation and storage.

Although diesel reserves are a decreasing fossil fuel, biodiesel is a product that can be renewed continuously with agricultural activities and recycling of domestic waste oils.

Biodiesel has a higher pour point than diesel. It can be used without any problems in the cold with the use of suitable additives (anti-gels).

ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

• It can be obtained from renewable raw materials.

• It is an alternative energy source.

• It is environmentally friendly.

• It can be used in existing diesel engines without requiring any design changes.

• It can be mixed with petroleum diesel in all proportions or can be used as pure.

• Since biodiesel is a better lubricant than petroleum diesel, it extends the life of the engine. Fuel consumption, automatic ignition, power output and engine power are not adversely affected by biodiesel use.

• Biodiesel is a fuel that is safe to transport and store. It also has a high flash point (149 ° C). This value is 125 ° C for petroleum diesel.

• C16-C18 methyl esters forming biodiesel are rapidly decomposed in nature. When released into the water, 95% of the biodiesel can be degraded in 28 days and 40% of the engine.

• It is anti-toxic.

• Unburned hydrocarbon content is 90% less than petroleum diesel and 75% - 90% less than aromatic hydrocarbons with carcinogenic effect.

• It is poor in terms of harmful gas emissions. Because it contains very little sulfur. It is also poor in terms of cancer-causing compositions. 

COMPARISON OF EMISSION VALUE (g / kwh)

EVALUATION OF BIODIESEL IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel. Researches show that biodiesel is biodegradable up to 99.6 percent in nature within a short period of 21 days.

The negative effects on the ozone layer are 50% less in the use of biodiesel than in diesel fuel. Sulfur components that cause acid rains are almost nonexistent in biodiesel fuels. The CO (toxic gas) rate released as a result of combustion of biodiesel fuels is half of the CO rate released as a result of the combustion of diesel fuels.

As a result of the burning of biodiesel, natural carbon dioxide required for the vegetation of the earth is released. Gas emission values ​​of the gas produced by combustion that harm the environment are quite low. In addition, research has revealed that biodiesel is a fuel that does not have toxic effects on aquatic life. However, 1 liter of oil causes pollution of 1 million liters of drinking water. In another study, it was observed that the engine remained newer and cleaner with the use of biodiesel. Also, with the use of biodiesel, dissolved organic scattering increased while carbon emission decreased.

SIMPLY TEST BIODIES

You can test your biodiesel with a simple method. First of all, make sure that the biodiesel you purchase is bright and clear. However, not every product that is bright and clear does not mean quality. To understand this, put half of a glass bottle of biodiesel in half of clean water and rinse. If, after a while, clean water collapses exactly to the bottom where you put it, it shows that it has been washed. However, if the sinking water is turbid and soap has formed between water and biodiesel, this product is not washed and should not be used.

TS EN 14214
AUTOMOTIVE FUELS - OIL ACID METHY ESTERS( YAME / BİODIESEL )